In the design, production, as well as to operate and repair computers produce various technical documents. All this documentation can be divided into three main groups: design, technological and regulatory and technological.
Construction documents on a computer - is a set of documents that fully and clearly define all the necessary and sufficient data for manufacturing, installation, reception, maintenance and repair of computers as a whole and all its constituent parts.
Implementation of design documentation for computer products has a number of characteristics associated with the characteristics of computers as well as to the methods of implementation of the documents.
First, the products include computer devices operating on different principles: Electronic (arithmetic logic devices, memory devices, etc.) electromechanical (magnetic disk drives, printer devices, etc.), mechanical (racks, frames, etc.). This fact complicates the implementation of design documentation.
Secondly, when designing stationary computers typically use a modular design principle, that is apply a concrete structural system with a modular structure. Meanwhile, all bearing structures (racks, frames, panels, the replacement model elements, etc.) created the model in the form of basic designs. The basic structures are complete sets of construction documents are being tested and may be Designator products. In this case, perhaps borrowing design documentation of previous or Parallel development and shortening of the design.
In the third, especially computer products and methods of their design (aided design, using CAD, etc.) resulted in a number of specific design documents. These include schemes of algorithms, time charts, tables signals, check the table settings, etc.
In the automated design of computer products core set of design documents are usually not changed. But for automated manufacturing and control products can be created as documents in the traditional way (on paper, kalke) and unconventional - on magnetic media (punched tape, tape, etc.).
Technological documents individually or collectively define the process of manufacture (assembly), repairs the items and their parts, as well as provide sufficient data necessary for production.
A variety of manufacturing processes used in the manufacture of computers (from the manufacture of electronic components to circuit boards, Electrical Engineering and assembly of computer products), leads to the need to take into account this factor in the development of technical documentation.
It is very important group of technical documents used in the design and manufacture of computers, a group of legal and technical documents. They provide: unity of approach to the design, construction and operation of computer products, technical information and software compatibility; necessary qualitative products and cheaper past, shortening design and manufacturing, etc.
Group of legal and technical documents used in a single design, is a set of interrelated standards for different levels (state, Republican, industry, enterprise), as well as guidance.
In the design and manufacture of computers are used as standards relating directly to computers, and setting standards in all organizations and enterprises, regardless of the design and production of uniform rules of documentation, pre-production, etc.
Currently, the system of standards for computing equipment includes hundreds of different categories of standards (Guest, OSTy, STP). They are periodically reviewed to ensure that their options were on the state of the art.
The main targets of standardization in the computer usually are: general issues of design (terminology, technical requirements, specifications, test methods, etc.); element base; design and technology base and design; system coupling devices, and ensuring the unity of their interfaces; reliability computers and their component parts, methods for determining rates; nomenclature and the rules implement the design documentation, coding information in the media and devices, data, documentation, systems software and software documentation, etc.
Of particular importance are: the standardization of components and design and technology, in particular the establishment of constructive modularity, standardization of structural elements; reduction in the nomenclature used by ERE, materials, etc.; establish uniform requirements of ergonomics, design for assembly components and related design elements to give construction of computers and devices of modern species, contributing to the competitiveness of computers in the foreign market. It standards for these facilities determine the technical compatibility of computer designs.
Element base is determined by the standards-setting: a common nomenclature of IMS and mikrosborok with their electrical and operational characteristics, marking and marking schemes, ERE and appliances; rules for constructing devices and functional units on chips; and instrument lists ARE permitted to use.
Design and technology base and design rules are defined standards governing the system and structure of the basic designs and sizes, standard uniform design modules at all levels, a single unified elements of government and display, uniform requirements style design of computer technology, etc.
A special role in the group of legal and technical documents in the design and manufacture of computer play state standards within the United system design documentation (ESKD), United system of technological documentation (ESTD), United system software documentation (ESPD). Their main purpose is to establish in all organizations and all enterprises uniform rules governing documentation. They can exchange documents between organizations and enterprises without re, as well as ensure the stability of completeness, excluding the re-development and production of additional documents.
ESKD is a set of state standards-setting related rules and regulations in order to develop, design and construction of instruments (Table 6). In GOSTah ESKD described: the basic provisions, completeness and form design documents, rules implementation and design schemes, drawings and text documents, graphics and alphabetic symbols, symbols of design documents, accounting, storage, treatment and change of design documents.
ESTD is a set of national standards and guidelines of regulatory documents establishing related rules and regulations in order to develop, component design and treatment technology instruments used in the manufacture and repair products (including monitoring, testing and movement). In GOSTah ESTD described: a single system of symbols of technological instruments; provisions to ensure the unity of design documents; provisions to ensure Unification sequence of placing a homogeneous information in the form of documentation in different jobs (Table 7).
The rules of design and policy documents on a computer installed ESPD.
All industry standards, the standards of guidance based on existing state standards and are their development or restriction. They tend to establish unity and constructive shemotehnicheskih technology solutions and software for mainframe and distributed shemnuyu design documentation, the creation of symbols specific documents computers, as performed manually or automated means.
In the design and manufacture of computers using different types of design and technological documents.
Graphic design and text documents are divided into types according to GOST 2.102 - 68.
By graphic design documents include the following types of drawings:
1) drawing parts containing the image details and other data necessary for its manufacturing and controls;
2) assembly drawing containing the image details and other data necessary for its assembly (manufacturing) and control;
3) drawing of a general form, depending on the product, the interaction of its parts and explaining the principle of the product;
4) The draft defines a theoretical geometry (obvody) products and the coordinates of the location of parts;
5) dimensional drawing containing the Contour (simplified) image products from oa, installation and fitting sizes;
6) wiring diagram, containing the data necessary to carry out electrical installation products;
7) installation plan containing the Contour (simplified) image products, as well as data needed for its installation (mounting) field of application;
8) scheme - a document which shows in the form of conventional images or symbols components of the product and communication between them;
9) specification - a document defining the composition of the assembly unit set or sets.
In addition to the above in the design documents also include text documents: the various statements, such statements specifications referenced documents, purchase products, permits the application of purchase items, the original holders and other important documents belonging to the design documents are:
1) explanatory memorandum - a document containing a description of the device and the principle of the developed products, as well as the rationale adopted in its development of technical and techno-economic decision-making;
2) specifications - a document containing the claim (the sum total of all indicators, norms, rules and regulations) for the product, its manufacture, control, receiving and delivery, which not specify the other design documents;
3) program and test procedure - a document containing technical data to be checked when testing the products, as well as the procedures and methods of their control;
4) table - a document containing, depending on their destination, relevant data brought to the table;
5) account - a document containing estimates of the parameters and values, such as account size chains account for the strength, etc.;
6) operational documents - documents intended for use in the operation, maintenance and repair products during the operation;
7) repair documents - documents that contain data for making repairs to the specialized enterprises;
8) directive - a document containing guidelines and rules used in the manufacture of products (assembly, adjustment, control, acceptance, etc.).
The developed technological processes of manufacture of products processed in a special technological instruments that make their proper planning and implementation. The composition of technological instruments and rules of filling determined ESTD.
Depending on the destination technological documents are divided into the main and auxiliary. The principal documents include fully and clearly define the process (operation) of manufacture or repair, and summarizing the information needed to address engineering, planning, economic and organizational tasks. Supporting documents used in the design, implementation and operation of manufacturing processes and operations.
The composition of applying kinds of documents is defined by - the developer of computer depending on the stage of the development of technological documentation, the type and nature of production. GOST 3.1102-81 provides the following types of graphics and text technology papers: map process (route, operating, delivery, designs, etc.); technological instruction; various statements (such as statements of material, equipment, accessories, etc.).
Roadmap (MK) is designed to describe the process of manufacture and control products for all operations in the technological sequence with data on the equipment, technological equipment, material regulations and labor costs and without division operations at crossings.
Operating card (OK) contains a description of one of the operations of the process of manufacture of products with the dismemberment of operations for consecutive conversions, and the data on the means of technological equipment, material and labor costs. Depending on the nature of production and works GOSTs ESTD establish various types of operational maps of machining, assembly and electrical work, Telephony and assembly work, technical control, etc.
Delivery card (CC) - a document containing information about the details, assembly units and materials included in the kit assembly unit at a higher level. All data entered in the stake in the technological sequence of operations.
Map thumbnail (KE) - graphic paper containing sketches, diagrams and tables. It is intended to clarify and implement the process, operation or shift.
Technical Instruction (TI) - a document used to reduce the development of technological documentation. He describes specific techniques or methods of verification process, rules for the use of equipment and appliances, as well as a description of physical-chemical phenomena that occur when the individual operations of the process.
Various statements, such statements snap (UI), equipment (VOB), materials (VM), etc., are intended to specify the Application of the process necessary equipment, equipment, materials and standards of their flow.
How to write the aforementioned technological instruments established by the GOSTami ESTD.
Based on the technological instruments defined labor work, jobs are equipped with materials, shapes, assembly kits, exercised control over the operation.
At the preliminary stages of the project and a test sample provided by the developer necessarily designed and produced roadmap, technological instructions and maps setting. For the established serial and mass production were necessarily almost all the aforementioned technological instruments.