Folders and files
Before we begin the detailed examination of the files and folders, you must define the terminology we use. So, the file is called a certain amount of the same type of information stored on a tangible medium, and has its own name and extension. The file extension is designed for the unique and comprehensive identification of the type of file object, it is written right of the file name and is separated from his point. In this case, a file type of object - it is functional characteristics file, which the operating system determines the set of programs that can handle or use this file. If we consider the example of an abstract file readme.txt, it is the file name is a string readme, and its expansion - a symbol. Txt, which indicates that the file object belongs to the type of «text file» and can not be processed use any text editor such as Notepad program standard package Windows Vista.

According to established practice, divided the diversity of today files into several different classes based on their functional use. The first of these classes are the so-called user files - text documents, images, web pages and other file objects created by the computer for any particular purpose or for their own benefit. For these files, the user can assign arbitrary names, however, adopted in Windows Vista standard. Extensions of user files are usually automatically assigns them to programs in which these files are created either manually specify the user based on the type of each file and object to its further application. The second class system files - the files used by the operating system in its work. The names and expand these files predefined developers Windows Vista, and any change can potentially lead to a breach of efficiency Windows. The third class includes program files that are used in their work installed on your computer software. Their names and expand appointed by the developers of the programs. As mentioned above, file objects taken as classified by their types in accordance with a set of applications that can handle these files - in particular, to different types of files include text documents, documents, Microsoft Word, files (files containing any short data), executable files (files that can be run in the operating system in the program), etc.

File names in the operating system Microsoft Windows Vista can be recorded using numbers, symbols or national Latin alphabets, the sign «hyphen». Allowed the recording of names in the header, and in line register. Limit the length of the filename, taking into account the gaps and expansion could not be more than 255 characters. File names should not contain the following characters: \ /: *? "<|> [] ().

Permitted but not encouraged to use symbols «gap», «emphasis», «point», «point», «a semicolon», «apostrophe», as well as: ^! @ # $% & ~. Since these characters are for a system of «official» and Windows interprets them a special way, they should not be used without extreme necessity. It is not allowed to start the file name from a character point (in which case the entire text, which is located in point, the system interprets as the file extension in the absence of his name). If the first character in the file name is blank, Windows ignores it.

Files in Windows Vista displayed using special graphic images, called icons. Exterior icons depends on the type of file they object.

Folder in the operating system Microsoft Windows Vista called a special file object, which serves as a container for storing other folders or files, and displayed with a special icon with a kind of office folders. The names of all custom folders are appointed under regulations similar to the terms of naming other file objects. Keep in mind that changing the names of system and program folders or files can lead to a breach of efficiency of operating system or application software.


Attributes file objects
Each file or folder in Microsoft Windows Vista may have its own set of attributes that point to any of the possible uses of the file object. By default, there are three basic attribute of files and folders:

Read-only (Read Only) - a regime to protect files from accidental changes, edit or destroy information stored in it. If the file or folder mode «Read-only», write to them would be impossible;
Archive (Archive) - attribute of a file or folder, indicating that the object is subject to a file compression and its content can be compressed using special programs. It should be borne in mind that if you change this setting for a group of objects attribute may be unavailable in the event of the selected files from the array to be back up and the other part-no;
Quiet (Hidden) - parameter, indicating that the file object is hidden and under normal conditions in the operating sistemeWindows Vista will not be. Hidden files and folders can not use, modify, or open, if not know their name. This attribute is normally used to protect facilities from accidental file deletion.
Attributes are assigned to each file objects are identified in Windows using a special set of symbols: R - attribute «Read-only», H - attribute «Quiet», A - attribute «Archive». The list of attributes assigned to a file or folder, you can see in the Windows Explorer file manager Attributes: For example, if a file object in this field is displayed symbol RHA, it means that the file is hidden, archive and open only for reading, and if however, the designation is formulated as RA, hence, the file is open only on reading and an archive.

Change attributes a file or folder can be read as follows: click the File object, right-click and the menu that appears, click Properties. At the bottom of the opened window properties of a file or folder you'll see a list of appointees to the file object attributes. The appointment or removing attributes of files or folders implemented method of installation or reset the appropriate boxes.

In Microsoft Windows Vista in addition to the above attributes of file objects distinguish two additional defined itself file system:

Compressed (Compressed) - a file or folder is compressed software NTFS;
Encrypted (Encrypted) - a file or folder is encrypted using encryption algorithms internal NTFS.
Access to data management attributes file objects carried out by clicking the Advanced button in the General tab window properties file or folder.

Owner of file objects
Because Microsoft Windows Vista operating system is a multiplayer, this OS is actively used the concept of owner file object. The owner of a file or folder in the Windows environment is a user who created this file object and managing rights and permissions for the object, or can delegate those rights to other users of the operating system. If the file object was created automatically any program or the operating system, it appointed a general right of access (site accessible to all users of Windows), or the owner becomes the user, using an account that was set up this file object.

Association of file objects
By default in Windows Vista, double-click on a file leads to launch the associated application that uses this type of file. For example, if you double-click your mouse on the icon, a text document with the expansion. Doc, the system automatically starts a text editor Microsoft Word and download a document of your choice. This means that all files with the extension associated with the Windows Vista program winword.exe.

What you may need to change the file association objects? The most common case - the parallel use in several programs, working with the same type of files. For example, Windows Vista, all the Web pages that are expanding. Html or. Htm, the default program download Internet Explorer. Suppose that you want to use to browse the browser Firefox. To ensure that when double-clicking on the label web pages trigger precisely this application, you need to change the program association for files with extensions. Html and. Htm.

Another situation - an unknown type of operating system files, to show that Windows can not pick up the program. For example, the combined supply of many Russian-language applications often has a file readme.rus, which actually represents a normal text document containing a description of the program in Russian. For when you double-clicking on the label of such a file, Windows automatically uploading it in a text editor, you must create a new file type. Rus and associate it with Notepad.

To change the association of a file or add to the table a new association, is not yet known type of operating system files if Windows did not do so automatically, you must click on the icon of the file, right mouse button, to open the context menu, select Properties. A window will appear properties of the selected file object open on the General tab. Click Edit right of the caption application to open the window Choice program, click on a proposed list of programs, or select the desired program manually by clicking on the Browse button at the bottom of the window. For the system to «remember» a new association, check the box next to use the selected program to all files of this type.

Explorer Program
In addition to customize the files and folders, you can change the parameters of the Explorer program - these settings can change the display settings file objects and to optimize the program interface.

In order to display the various panels in the Explorer window, use Sort-> Layout. If you select this menu item Menu Bar, then at the top of the Explorer window displays the command bar, which opens access to additional settings.

Access Program can be obtained using a menu command sort-> Properties folders and search. In the dialog box appears Properties folder, open on the General tab.

Section Objectives enable or disable the presentation folders in the form of Web pages. If the item display samples, filters, in the Explorer window, you'll see a menu command, as well as support and information panels. In «classic» submission, that is the way they looked in Microsoft Windows 9X/2000, folders are displayed when selecting the item the usual folder Windows.

Under Browsing folders can be controlled using open nested folders to see: if the call to open the folder in the same window, each new folder will open in the same window as the previous one, and when to open each folder in a separate window for each folder to which you are requesting, will open a separate window Explorer.

Under clicking, you can configure the arrangement of objects in the revitalization of file clicking on their icon. In particular, the regime to open a double, and provide one-click includes «standard» mechanism of working with icons Windows: one click you can identify the object, double - open it or run it for execution. Using a single click Open, to allocate pointer to open site in one click, and the provision of the facility is happening, when the cursor to it. In doing so, you can install one of the two regimes display file objects: if you have selected Underscore signature icon, a signature to all the icons will be shown as underlined hyperlinks, just as presented text hyperlinks in your browser. If the mode Stress signature icon, when, text names of the icons will be highlighted only when you control over your cursor on the icon. Clicking on the button Restore Defaults returns all of the settings tab to the original condition.

Tab View Properties dialog box, folder contains a number of other settings, Explorer file manager. A detailed description of these settings below.

Restore previous folder windows at logon - every time I log on Windows will automatically open a folder windows that were not covered under the previous system shutdown;
Always display icons, rather than sketches - when you open folders, file objects will be displayed as icons, designs will not be shown;
Always show menus - to demonstrate to the top of the Explorer menu command, containing such items as File, Edit, View, Tools, Help;
Display full path in the title bar - the full path to the current directory will be displayed in the header Explorer window (for the classic presentation folders);
Run window with folders in a separate process - if checked, for the opening of each new Explorer window will be allocated a separate system process: if any of the open windows Explorer suddenly «povisnet», it can be closed by using Task Manager, while other windows will continue to operate;
Use Master sharing - if checked, when you open the shared folders on the network to your computer will use a special master;
Use checkboxes to select items - to select the file objects in the windows Explorer will be used boxes installed click;
Display drive letters - if checked, the windows of a conductor will be shown letters of disk drives;
Draw icons of files on the sketches - when viewing in the window Explorer file objects in the form of sketches will be shown a file icon;
Show handlers in the view pane view - in the Explorer pane view will be shown instant information about the selected sites and the viewing mode;
Show descriptions of folders and elements of the desktop -, when the cursor to a folder, file or icon on the desktop, the system will display a hint in a popup window;
Draw a simple kind of folders in the folder list Explorer - click on any folder in Windows Explorer lead to display all its contents, including subdirectories. When it opens all the other folders are automatically closed. You can open and close folders, and view their contents without the need for pre-close the previous folder;
Display information about the amount of file folders in the help text - the Explorer will display information about the size of the selected file object;
Show encrypted or compressed NTFS files are a different color - compressed or encrypted files stored under NTFS, will be allocated in the Explorer window color;
Remember each folder display settings - Explore will «remember» custom settings for each folder;
Hide protected operating system folder - Explorer will not display system folders and files Windows;
Hide extensions for known file types - Explorer will not show extensions for known file types system;
The section «When you enter text in the list», you can configure a way to enter text into the search box files. Finally, Section hidden files and folders can set up a regime demonstrations hidden file objects:

Do not show hidden files and folders - a file manager will not show hidden files and folders;
Show hidden files and folders - Explorer will display all the folders and files, including hidden;
If you want to change the settings were valid not only for the present but for all the folders on the drive of your computer, click Apply to folders at the top of the View tab windows Folder. Pressing the reset button type folders lead to the setting display all the folders back to its original state - the one that was installed immediately after installing Windows.