Human society is characterized by a continuous growth of their needs and using their guns to meet production - products, under which usually refers to machinery, equipment, devices, etc. The increased requirements resulting production of new products, defining human relationship with a man and the environment, including such items as computers. In turn, the product also directly or indirectly affect human life. Model meet the public demand for products can be presented in the form of a spiral, where each round of development involves a sequence of Action Society (Fig. 1).
The formal description of the requirements is the foundation of the design of the device products, and describe its function. A design is usually defined as the development of key indicators of the final product, for which it is conducted, and how to implement them. As a result, the design is the design (from Lat. Constructio - Building) - artificially created by man combination of physical bodies and substances, having finished form, characterized by certain parameters and designed to perform the necessary functions in the given conditions.
The term "design" is always associated with active human activities. It is sensible to talk about the design, such as computers, but did not speak, say, construction stone.
The design of the product is determined by its characteristics and parameters. The key features and design parameters depend on the relationships parts products, as well as links products to the environment and humans. Properties and the design change and define a significant impact on design.
Recording design (in fact part of the design engineering or design) with the establishment of sizes, types, forms processing and some other parameters by means of technical drawings, photos, layouts or in the form of a machine using computers, ie in the design documents. Regardless of the type of recording, design, manufacture transmitted to the production, describes the properties, structure and composition of future products.
GOST 2.101 - 68 defines the product as any object or set of proceedings to be manufactured at the facility. It also establishes the following items:
1) detail - the product manufactured from a homogeneous by name and make the material without the use of assembly operations;
2) assembly unit - the products, components, which must be interconnected to the manufacturing assembly operations;
3) complex - two or more products (consisting, in turn, of two or more parts) are not connected to the manufacturing assembly operations, but intended to fulfill the interrelated operational functions;
4) set - two or more products, not connected with each other on the manufacturing and assembly operations are a set of products with general maintenance appointment of a subsidiary character.
Knowing the types of products needed for the proper presentation of design documentation and development of production technology
Under the technology (from the Greek. Techne - art, skill, ability and logos - teaching, science, or science skills) to understand the combination of production processes and documents in the manufacture of products, as well as scientific descriptions of modes of production. The technology to produce products based on the way to change shape, size, physical-chemical properties, structure and composition of raw materials and intermediate inputs. In carrying out a number of technological processing of raw materials produced manufactured goods.
Any production has its own characteristics, which provide opportunities to observe the norms set of technical documentation developed in the design. To the production was economical, and the results given the high quantitative and qualitative indicators of the product, you want the design was tech, that is constructed with minimal cost of materials, energy and labor. Therefore, a connection with the construction of the production process, leading to the impact of technological features and options products.
Environmental products depend on the place, time and circumstances of their operation. Therefore, all manifestations of the environment on the basic properties and the design necessarily be taken into account when designing and finished products to exploitation must be tested, ie need to experimentally determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of their properties.
Depreciation, moral aging and certain other factors that occur during operation or storage products, resulting in the need for recycling.
Thus, the phases of "Birth", "life" and "death" of interrelated products (see Figure 1.) And the objectives of their optimal design and production must be implemented on the basis of these stages. The need for a holistic comprehensive review of all matters of design and manufacture products in accordance with their development at other stages in the process of interaction with the environment and human society. This approach to design and manufacture is called systemic.