Production of computers occurs during the manufacturing process, which is a set of actions which resulted in raw materials and semi-finished components arriving at the company, turned into finished products. The production process involves not only manufacturing products, but also pre-production planning, logistics, equipment maintenance, transportation, finance, etc. Adopted by dividing it into the main, during which manufactured planned by primary products and support, during which produces technological equipment and consumer goods, make repairs and construction of communications equipment, carry out environmental protection, storage and transportation of products, etc.
The process - it is part of the production process, which contains actions for change and the subsequent identification of the state of production. The main elements of the process serve as the technological operation, technological support and referrals, position.
Technological operation - the finished part of the process performed on the same job continuously. It is the basic unit of production planning and accounting.
All computers used in the production processes can be divided into the following major groups.
The first group consists of the technological processes of production ERE, IMS, mikrosborok, electronic functional elements that characterize the massive issuance, carefully handling the construction, high levels of tehnologichnosti and automating the production of high reliability and low cost.
The second group is composed of technological processes of manufacture of structural, and species protection and decorative items (stamping, casting, pressing, turning, milling, electrophysical treatments, etc.) that are borrowed from other, mostly engineering, industry and adapted for the production of computers.
The third group is composed of technological processes of assembly and installation of computers, which are in total production from 50 to 70%. To decrease the length of the production cycle is carried out parallel assembly of modules of different levels and integrated automation. Key improvements: increasing density hinged for SMT and the density of the printed installation through the use of multi-layer printed circuit boards for ceramic and polyimide grounds, the widespread use of beskorpusnyh IMS and ERE, promising technologies for their installation, in particular mounting on the surface and automated equipment, develop new methods of assembling and module assembly of second and subsequent levels, optimizing the number of transactions interim control of economic criteria, develop technological measures to ensure the reliability of the electrical connections.
The fourth group consists of technological processes control, adjust and test computers, which are characterized by the use of highly skilled labor, special test equipment. From the quality of these processes is largely dependent reliability produced by machines. Preliminary control and adjustment of the functional parameters of individual modules can reduce time to configure devices in general. Prospective widespread use of monitoring and diagnostic equipment, sold for microprocessors.
Depending on the type of production developed manufacturing process can be presented with varying degrees of detail: Block, marshrutno-operational, operational.
Block manufacturing process - a process performed on the documentary in which the content of operations is described without reference to conversion and processing regimes. In marshrutno-operational and operational processes the contents of the individual, the most difficult and important, or all transactions, respectively, showing the detailed content conversion and processing regimes.
The products of computer technology can be manufactured at plants in different amounts, ie in the production of a particular type. Under the type of production means the skilled category, defined on the basis of the breadth of nomenclature, regularity, stability and output devices. There are three types of production: a single, serial and mass. For example, functionally and constructively sophisticated computers, such as super-computers, can be manufactured in the unit production, such as computers, such as micro-and personal as well as various peripherals require a serial or mass production.
Special-purpose products are produced, usually in small volume, ie virtually isolated instances, different design on a wide range. Equipment manufacturing is usually universally designed for the manufacture of various products. Workers are the main production with high quality, secure jobs are usually not available.
With mass production items, the same or different in design, but rather limited nomenclature, issued alternating series (parties). Volume of Production products is relatively high, there may be value different parties (small-scale (MS), sredneseriynoe (SS) or krupnoseriynoe (COP) production). In doing so requires working secondary qualifications, because, along with universal equipment is also used in the manufacture of special technological equipment. For every job is enshrined several technological operations carried out periodically.
Mass production provides that the manufacture of products of established structures narrow nomenclature is continuing in large quantities over a long period of time. Normally, the full interchangeability of parts and components products, but the dismemberment of complex technological operations in a more simple allows the anchor for jobs one operation and use in the production of more low-skilled workers.
For the production of computers is characterized by a change in the series: the manufacture of electronic components and functional modules should be seen as krupnoseriynoe or mass production and final assembly and configuration of all products - like small-scale, that must be taken into account when designing manufacturing processes and production. The larger series of products and lower their nomenclature, the greater the number of operations includes the developed manufacturing process. With a higher series production of its preparation took longer than in the smaller series, but the increase in the output of products significantly reduces the cost of their manufacture.